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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(2): 149-156, mar-apr/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746232

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION : In this study, clinical-laboratory and epidemiological characteristics are described for a group of 700 individuals with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in the ART (antiretroviral therapy) era at a teaching hospital that provides a quaternary level of care, with an emphasis on opportunistic infections (OIs), co-infections and immune profile. METHODS : A retrospective cross-sectional study of AIDS cases was conducted from 1998 to 2008 by reviewing medical records from the Base Hospital/FUNFARME (Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: The individuals were 14 to 75 years of age, and 458 were males. Heterosexuals accounted for 31.1% of all patients. Eighty-three percent were on ART, and 33.8% of those presented difficulties with treatment adherence. OIs were analyzed from medical records, and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia was the most prevalent, regardless of the LTCD4+ (TCD4+ Lymphocytes) levels. Individuals whose viral loads were ≥10,000 showed a 90% greater chance of neurotoxoplasmosis. For P. jiroveci pneumonia, neurotoxoplasmosis, esophageal candidiasis, pulmonary tuberculosis and neurocryptococcosis, the chances of infection were higher among patients with LTCD4+ levels below 200 cells/mm3. HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infections were significantly associated with death. CONCLUSIONS : OIs remain frequent in the ART era even in populations where the access to medical care is considered satisfactory. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV-1 , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, Teaching , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Viral Load
2.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 73(1): 106-112, jan.-mar. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-764793

ABSTRACT

Determinou-se a prevalência do vírus da hepatite C (HCV) em pacientes soropositivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). O estudo foi realizado no Hospital Emílio Carlos, Catanduva, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi efetuado estudo retrospectivo de dados clínico-laboratoriais, epidemiológicos e sociodemográficos de 600 pacientes atendidos em um hospital escola de nível terciário, no período de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2007. A prevalência de a coinfecção HIV/HCV foi de 11,6 % (n = 70), com predomínio no sexo masculino (71,4 %) e média de idade de 43,2 anos, sendo 57,1 % da etnia caucasóide e 44,3 % de baixo nível de escolaridade. A transmissão do HIV/HCV pela via parenteral nos homens e via sexual nas mulheres foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,0005). O uso de drogas ilícitas injetáveis foi também significante para o sexo masculino (p = 0,0208). A prevalência do HCV foi de 14,3 % do subtipo 1a e 11,4 % do 3a. Apesar de a prevalência da coinfecção no município de Catanduva ser inferior à média nacional, esta situação é ainda um problema importante nesta população, mesmo com a disponibilidade da TARV, necessitando-se de estratégias de controle e prevenção pelas autoridades públicas de saúde.


The prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) among HIV-positive was determined in this investigation.The study was conducted at Emilio Carlos Hospital, Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil. A retrospective studyon clinical-laboratory, epidemiological and socio-demographic data of 600 patients treated at a teachinghospital of tertiary level was performed from January 2004 to December 2007. The prevalence of coinfectionwith HIV/HCV was 11.6 % (n = 70), predominantly in male patients (71.4 %) and mean age of43.2 years, and 57.1 % of Caucasian ethnicity and low educational level (44.3 %). The transmission of HIV/HCV by parenteral route in men, and by sexual contact in women was statistically significant (p = 0.0005).The use of injectable illicit drugs was also significant for males (p = 0.0208). The prevalence of HCV was14.3 % for subtype 1a and 11.4 % for 3a subtype. Despite the prevalence of co-infection in the city ofCatanduva be lower than the national average, this situation is still a major problem in this population,even with the availability of TARV, requiring strategies for its control and prevention by public healthauthorities.


Subject(s)
HIV , Brazil , Coinfection/epidemiology , Hospitals, Teaching , Genotype , Hepatitis C
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(6): 665-669, Nov.-Dec. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611774

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We describe the epidemiology of intestinal parasites in patients from an AIDS reference service in Northeastern São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation was done for all HIV-1/AIDS-positive patients whose Hospital de Base/São José do Rio Preto laboratorial analysis was positive for enteroparasites after diagnosis of HIV-1 infection, from January 1998 to December 2008. Statistical analysis was performed using the R statistical software version 2.4.1. The level of significance adopted was 5 percent. RESULTS: The most frequent protozoan was Isospora belli (4.2 percent), followed by Giardia lamblia (3.5 percent), Entamoeba coli (2.8 percent), and Cryptosporidium parvum (0.3 percent). Ancylostoma duodenale (1.4 percent) was the most frequently detected helminth, while Taenia saginata and Strongiloides stercoralis were found in 0.7 percent of the samples. The results showed that diarrhea was significantly associated with giardiasis and isosporiasis. However, no association was observed between CD4+ cell counts, viral load, and the characteristics of any particular parasite. CONCLUSIONS: Our data may be useful for further comparisons with other Brazilian regions and other developing countries. The data may also provide important clues toward improving the understanding, prevention, and control of enteric parasites around the world.


INTRODUÇÃO: Descrevemos a epidemiologia de enteroparasitoses em pacientes de um serviço de referência de AIDS, no noroeste paulista, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Durante o período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2008, foi realizado este estudo retrospectivo por meio da análise dos prontuários dos pacientes diagnosticados com HIV-1/AIDS atendidos no Ambulatório de Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias do Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas usando a versão 2.4.1 do software estatístico R. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: O protozoário mais frequente foi o Isospora belli (4,2 por cento), seguido da Giardia lamblia (3,5 por cento), Entamoeba coli (2,8 por cento) e Criptosporidium parvum (0,3 por cento). O Ancylostoma duodenalis (1,4 por cento) foi o helminto mais detectado, enquanto a Taenia saginata e o Strongiloides stercoralis foram observados em 0,7 por cento das amostras. Os resultados mostraram que a diarreia foi significativamente associada com giardíase e isosporíase. Entretanto, nenhuma associação foi observada entre as contagens de células T CD4+, carga viral e da característica de qualquer parasita em particular. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados podem ser úteis para futuras comparações com outras regiões do Brasil e outros países em desenvolvimento. Os dados também podem fornecer pistas importantes para a melhoria da compreensão, prevenção e controle de parasitas entéricos em todo o mundo.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV-1 , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Protozoan Infections/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diarrhea/parasitology , Feces/parasitology , Helminthiasis/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Protozoan Infections/parasitology , Retrospective Studies , Viral Load
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